The Cycle of Life:
An History of Experimental Ecology

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Lorraine Byrne, Schubert's Goethe Setting (Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2003)

Musically, Franz Schubert (1797-1828) existed between two worlds--Classicism and Romanticism. Like the Romantic naturphilosophes of the time, such as Alexander von Humboldt and Johann Goethe, Schubert believed on a holistic view of nature and society in which: "Only the whole of humanity makes up the true human being and the individual can only be joyful and happy when he has the courage to feel himself as part of the whole."

Schubert was the first composer to mirror Goethe's development of poetry in musical form, while expressing his own personality and that of his society and age--Schubert verified the "reality of poetry" in a musical world. Although Schubert was influenced by several poets, he was attracted to Goethe's verse for throughout his writing career.
Schubert's his first song cycle Die schone Mullerin (1823) and his later Winterreise (1827), brought the German Lied or Art Song to a new level of sophistication and popularity. It is in the latter that we can best see how cycles intersect science and music.

One Large Case in 4 Parts

A. Sergei Vinogradskii (1856-1953)
B. Theodor Leshitizky (1930-1915
  Malwine Brée, The Groundwork of the Leschetizky Method (1969)
  Burkhard Muth, Theodor Leschetizky (2003)
  Comtesse Angèle Potocka, Theodore Leschetizky (1903)
  The Thomas de Hartmann Papers
C. Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
  Lorraine Byrne, Schubert's Goethe Setting (2003)
D. Guillaume de Machaut (ca. 1300-1377)
  David Hahn, "Numerical Composition" (1993)
  Elizabeth Leach, Machaut's Music (2003)
Lloyd Ackert
Whitney Humanities Center
Yale University
53 Wall Street
P.O. Box 208298
New Haven, CT 06520
Office: (203).432.3112

lloydackert@sbcglobal.net

The Music library is located in the Sterling Memorial Library to the right of the circulation desk:

Music Library
Yale University Library
120 High Street
PO Box 208240
New Haven, CT 06520-8240 USA
Phone: (203) 432-0492 FAX: (203) 432-7339